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| Congress Survey: Chinese people can not afford to establish a free system of government |
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U.S. 1870s anti-Chinese unrest emerged, and its development is closely related to the West Coast. The influx of Chinese laborers contributed to the development of western development and prosperity of the United States, while its low-cost competitive employment for workers in the United States poses a threat. And track the evolution of all the clash of civilizations, like the anti-Chinese economic culture eventually evolved into anti-Chinese.
In view of the intensified anti-Chinese wave, July 1876, the U.S. federal House and Senate passed a resolution, respectively, established a Joint Special Committee on Chinese immigration to the West Coast to investigate. The Commission has listened to more than 100 witnesses on Chinese immigration issues. These witness statements together into one long last more than twelve hundred pages of "investigation of Chinese immigration Joint Special Committee's report." The following excerpts are some witness statements, from which a civilization is not difficult to get a glimpse of a civilization on another Pride and Prejudice. |
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[A · B · Stout: To maintain the purity and superiority of our race, we must enact laws to prohibit Chinese immigration]
A · B · Stout is a doctor, a race he considers the promotion of physical and mental health of both sides of a qualified doctor is the lofty duty, so he "intends to promote the degradation of a variety of reasons the U.S. nation to conduct a study."
Stout in reference to a number of "authority" of the book, the conclusion is:
"The Caucasian race (including its various types) be vested with all the other races beyond the most noble and most beautiful body soul and it topped all other races on the observation of life in the wilderness it by the Creator assigned to control the destiny of mankind, God grant it more than all the other powers of the various races to study, appreciate, and the rule of God on earth did. other existing races with it the establishment of any new combination can not improve This heaven-sent perfect quality. regardless of which race to join into it, since it would undermine the role of degradation and its final demise in the end will be in conjunction with the introduction of harmful ingredients in direct proportion to the speed of it inside. "
"A government is to protect its people, we should strive to save the purity of race; Also, do not ask how political theory, should beware of their own race inferior to the same type of mixed race."
"I think by now these Chinese immigrants carried on the controversy caused by said to the Supreme Court has ruled that laws against Chinese immigrants was unconstitutional. I am not versed in legal knowledge, so I do not oppose the Supreme Court the wisdom of the constitutional ruling, but from a physiological point of view, the problem has yet to be controversial. The first law of nature is to keep the race pure - if the race is superior than all other races are the words. self-defense requires the development of the first protection of the Act. "
"If the people of the world for the U.S. presence in eastern and southern states blacks and lament, then, when the great Western United States for many years by the Chinese immigrants drowned when the tears that how should we do? Once allowed, it must always endure. Degradation Shi once started, its development will continue to play it unknowingly toxic effects, not only within a few years, but in the next several centuries. now laws, not so much for our own , as it is for future generations! into the future, future generations because of their purity and to celebrate their ancestors, or because they are degraded into the curse of their ancestors. "
"All the laws of large free use of these laws are designed for the race developed. To prevent inferior races enjoy these laws, not oppression, we intermarried with the Europeans, it was just the type of breeding our own Caucasus; us with East Asia were mixed, that is the creation of degradation half-breed. "
"Some people argue that, when we are demanding free access to China, when dealing with freedom of the Chinese people, Chinese people just asked us to open our door to freedom, and adopted them as our own people, this argument is unfounded the Chinese people will happily request the Americans moved into their country to go, because each combination can improve and enhance their weakness of that race; the contrary, each with a Chinese man in our land permanently settle down, will reduce our own blood. "
"This raised a number of issues is appropriate. This Asian customers in our state which should be What kind of position? They are willing to come for our country, our country's point of view should be taken from the What do you think? In each of our generous citizens before, they should do what emerged? right answer is: they should be seen as occupying foreign guests and guests is a holy name. generous master should give them a happy and rich hospitality. "
[Frank · M · Pixley: contacts with the Chinese people, will our civilization down to their level]
Frank · M · Pixley is the representative of San Francisco. The following excerpt is its San Francisco and maintain the interests of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Chinese spokesmen F · A · Bee and responsible for the survey of the Joint Special Committee Q & A between members.
F · A · Bee (Chinese Association spokesman) Q: It is not someone accused you? - That you published a speech here, in the speech you think people should set fire to the pier on the Pacific cruise ship company.
Pick-Oxley A: About fifteen years ago, and once these barbarians invade our country in the West Coast about the issue, I have said, if not by any other means to obstructing the Chinese people ... ... not as good as the opening from China to the ship at the pier burned good. Until now I never changed that opinion, I very much doubt today, fifteen years ago if you do it, it is not so civilized community and our legislators so shocked that they would have to consider this things, from the early Chinese immigrants will save us out.
Q: As a working-class, how their personality like?
A: They are patient, diligent, and hard work of the slaves, because both fear and respect for our laws, in order to maintain their own lives and forced labor.
Q: From a social aspect that they are not a race to be good than the African race?
A: No, sir. They are not good compared with the African race. In my opinion, if they are created by God to be inferior to any race.
Cooper (Joint Special Committee) Q: As far as I know, you just said, the Chinese people of all created in God's wisdom is the most inferior animals?
A: In my opinion, no one so poor as China has. In some areas of Africa, is relatively low standard of intelligence, but a relatively high standard of morality, that is, they are more honest. These people have reached the culmination of four thousand years of sin, to a civilization - a civilization is due to overpopulation produced - the culmination of evil. For example, why we all cherish their own girls, and they kill girls? Because their girls too much, can not afford to feed.
Q: As a nation, they have more than Africans, and a better civilization is it? They both had the same opportunity, the same freedom to build a civilization.
A: ... so they have created, a civilization, I just think that if they did not like Africa as civilization, and that even better.
Q: They have art, science, and their unique literature?
A: They have their Chinese literature, this literature, as you see something published here, as is the teaching of Confucius and Mencius made.
B · S · Brooks (on behalf of the interests of the Chinese people to attend the Joint Special Committee) Q: You do not think that will make them with white contact with both (Chinese and Africans) among one or both has been progress it has
A: I do think that our civilization has 40 million people of Chinese civilization with 400 million people contacts, make them progress. I think that our civilization will be reduced to their level, not to improve our civilization, but to improve their civilization, and this is the danger.
Q: then, you are the strength of our civilization, not much confidence?
A: Yes, we got great achievements of civilization. It may also gain greater achievements; but there are certain things it can accomplish. It can not be completed or the Chinese civilization of Christianity.
Q: Do you think they are in the forces of our civilization or force outside of it?
A: Yes, they simply put their own ideas of a fixed. Centuries long to convince them that their civilization than our civilization better, higher, we are barbarians, is inferior people. You should go to Rose hit a kind of their minds, deep-rooted prejudices, I said, it is four thousand years of evolution.
Q: Are you afraid of error against the truth? Do not you think that when an error in contact with the truth, the truth will eventually win it?
A: The truth go forward so slowly, the error go so fast, so we can not wait.
[James · P · Dameron: Chinese human brain capacity is too small to establish a free and civilized form of government]
James · P · Dameron is a lawyer, and called themselves "how much is a naturalist and ethnographer." Based on this knowledge structure, the theoretical basis for its anti-Chinese racism with a strong color:
"Mongolian race has a history of mildew was a long time, this historical assertion that they have five thousand years of civilization, there are signs the letter and history can be traced back to Moses and the Israelites out of Egypt to create the world of the times - it shows that even in Egypt Civilization is coming from them; they break the Greeks when the walls of Troy is a great, civilized a nation; their great philosopher Confucius, in the five hundred and fifty years before the birth of Christ, the Soviet Union Glasgow at the end of eighty years before the birth of a book on writing by (Book), their rich variety of literature is said to be written with verse and prose writings: ethics, history, geography, travel, drama, legend, story and Gezhong novel; their Government monarchy, based on educational qualifications by employers, the form is somewhat more complicated, however, withstood the time of destruction. a great political writer, said: 'the most long-term maintenance of government is the best the government. "If this principle is true, then, then, their government is the best government, because it has experienced all kinds of Indo-Germanic nations rise and fall of the great rise and fall while standing still not moving, when the Anglo-Saxon family also Mercedes-Benz in Germany, jungle, or a group of indigenous savages in England, when it has reached its greatest peak. "
"However, at that time, the Mongoloid has not made an effort to transform itself from tyranny and oppression liberation and the establishment of free government on the other hand, white people have drowned in a pool of blood in the European, lit free flame, but in the meantime, they are still in quiet obedience to the rule of the Han Chinese or Tartars. keep their braids as they obey and degradation markers, follows the deep-rooted tradition and practice of their ancestors, to abstinence doctrine of indifferent attitude towards all the desires and the environment, in order to be able to get enough stuff to satisfy their body's urgent need to break their no interest in the outside world, do not care about the outside world war, progress, literature and the the world's struggle for freedom; they make their own complacency and indulge in the old tradition, outside of this state of China's all people are seen as barbarians. "
... ...
"Learned ethnologists such as Nott, Gliddon, and Morton are that: any race, if their average brain capacity of not more than eighty-five cubic inches, there is no ability to establish a free government; in their history has not been examples of attempts to establish such a regime; Chinese and Afro-American, the average brain capacity of about eighty-one to eighty-three cubic inches, while India a Germanic tribe, the average brain capacity up to ninety-two grass ninety-six cubic inches, a Some people even up to one hundred twenty-five cubic inches. "
"As the Chinese people for thousands of years ago in the brain capacity has reached the highest point, so they will be planted as part of Mongolia, Indian, would rather be destroyed, nor change their lifestyles, the use of Western civilization because of their brain terms of capacity is a poor race than white, so let them maintain their original appearance, away with them to encourage trade and friendly relations may be better; because of their own country has a deep and sincere love, so let them remain in their original place as well, this is because they are white, compared with an inferior race, is a different type, different civilizations of the race, because the two races can not live together under conditions of equality Erbu mixed up, because nature has been laid in color and smell of its mark. " |
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| Response to the East: Japan and China's pessimistic false |
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1876 The Pride and Prejudice, in fact, Darwin's "evolution" from biology into sociological results. Social Darwinism in 1882 led the U.S. "Chinese Exclusion Act"; ten years later, it became swamped the western world's "Yellow Peril" theory theory basis - 1895, Kaiser Wilhelm II made public "Yellow Peril" concept, and to make court painter produced the "Yellow Peril" posters, and widely disseminated. Since then, the "yellow peril theory" wanton spread, so far no interest.
As was accused party, in the Eastern world is overwhelming, "Yellow Peril" theory long lost its way, in old age the transition process, paid a heavy price - even the Japanese invasion of China from the Boxer which, can be found. " Yellow Peril "theory play a role in the shadow. |
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1882 China did not "Chinese Exclusion Act," to show anger in particular, if the matter had nothing to do. Exotic is brewing in the East Empire reshape the image of a cultural movement, is portrayed as the object itself is autistic and retarded and no sense, in any case this is a tragedy. More tragic is: when finally surging into the East on the Yellow Peril, intellectual resistance to the East (mainly refers to China and Japan), went so far as to seek the support of the theory of social Darwinism - which is not even a tragedy, but absurd.
[Japanese intellectuals: the Japanese species of the West, and does not belong to yellow]
"Yellow Peril" theory of the mainstay of China. Since the 1860s, up to Jiawu before the Western "yellow peril theory" mostly against China. Jiawu naval victory over Japan in China, then went on to win the Russo-Japanese War, Japan in the West "yellow peril theory" against rapidly. In 1913, Japanese scholars Kuwabara stallion possession that such a statement: "Yellow Peril on the Russo-Japanese War has gradually become a global issue. Some have argued that Japan is the center of the Yellow Peril, it was argued that China is the center of the Yellow Peril."
As a counterattack, Japanese intellectuals in Western countries focus question "Who is threatening whom," it resembles the move "human equality" moral weapons. But the most striking, is that some Japanese scholars deny that the Japanese race are yellow, hoping thus to get rid of the "yellow peril theory."
And Yukichi Fukuzawa and said scholars Taguchi d guitar is the most typical representatives, with the "Japanese race" theory, "the study of the Japanese race" and "Yellow Peril breaking theory" and other works, tried to deny that Japan is in Asia yellow.
In the "Japanese race theory," an article, Taguchi Ji Mao said: "I said that the Japanese race is Mongoloid yellow race of one, and the Chinese people the same", "is the follow the Europeans who settle down lightly kinds of classification ", which, Taguchi said," tolerated. " Taguchi believes that "the difference I of the Japanese race and the Chinese race," There are two main points: First, the "syntax is completely different"; second is the "face." He said: "I have forces on the ethnic community is not only pure blood, and the same day and their civilization in the fine into its most obvious is that white and smooth skin of Chinese people who, though not polar white, but delicate texture as usual were given the so-called invisible silk skin. this point shows that not only race I race better than China, and better than the Aryan race. Aryan boast white, but its hairy and rough skin, silk skin, not by a so-called . and its so-called white is Chibai, compared with the Japanese species of white plainer. I state this person's appearance can prove superior. "At this point, Taguchi emphasis the Japanese race does not belong to the yellow race, higher than the Chinese race and even higher than the idea of "Yellow Peril" theory of the Aryan race.
In the "study of the Japanese race," an article, Taguchi Ji Mao's view is more radical: "The Europeans are saying today orchid safe race and they now claim to be Aryan race, called the sentence of our orchid safety, only can be said to snatch our ancestors, and denounce our race. "
In the "broken yellow peril theory" article, Taguchi believes that Western countries will Japan as the "Yellow Peril" theory of the center is the starting point of the error: "Japanese people and Chinese people of different kinds, and India, Persia, Greece, the Latin equivalent species, so to I can see, the Yellow Peril on the foundation that is wrong, such as the Japanese were the same as with the Chinese that the yellow race, ie the facts wrong, so the Yellow Peril on the root of the rumors completely. "" I do not doubt As the body of the Japanese race is an excellent race day race Sun. How this race came down from heaven in the end, it is the history of the doubt, but as inferred from the words of the language syntax, and it is Sanskrit and Persian so the same race. whether it is called the Aryan language family linguistics, Xu said the matter is not. "
[Chinese intellectuals: Liang pessimistic claim that "human history but the history of race out of the competition."]
Although the "yellow peril theory" aimed primarily at China, but Chinese intellectuals of the "Yellow Peril" theory of perception rather than the more sluggish in Japan. 1882 "Exclusion Act" behind, has hidden the "Yellow Peril" theory of the shadow, Chinese intellectuals did not mention this term; 1895 on the eve of Japanese intellectuals have begun to understand the use of "yellow peril theory" to discredit China, period Ji in exchange for the goodwill of Western countries - such as bamboo and Saburo, in his book the more "Shina" theory in the provision of a single, named "China's ethnic aggression the world", strongly echoing the Western world to promote the "Yellow Peril in China." In this regard, Chinese intellectuals are still numb.
The earliest of the "yellow peril theory" to respond and have a huge social impact, should be Liang. The social transformation of modern China's most important ideological resource provider with the "public sphere" of enormous influence, struggling to bridge the "yellow peril theory" and Social Darwinism bring people their negative emotions.
In the context of Western intellectuals, the "Yellow Peril" means brutal and savage, and its essence is the antithesis of civilization, China placed its theoretical basis, it is one of the core social Darwinism of racism. Liang always adhere to the Chinese people and Westerners no difference, but the reality is that the West defeated the Chinese people's doors, so Liang had to admit the existence of a brutal China - such as foot-binding; the same time so relieved he is relieved people : British Victorian waist and foot-binding as barbaric.
Liang tried to digestion in two ways, "Yellow Peril" theory: First, the savage does not mean stupid, does not mean that the intellectual inferior, that is, Liang does not recognize China as the West race the white race; second reason for China savage, because the evolution of Chinese society is still being, but also have the ability to evolve into Chinese society and Western civilization, the same level even more, one of the key lies in education and institutions; advanced education can be enlightening; system is good or bad determine good and evil of human nature.
For ordinary citizens, these statements clearly Liang too abstract, and they are more willing to re-obtain a vivid case in which self-confidence. "Public sphere," the editors are also very happy to meet this demand of people, for example, they translated a Japanese paper "On the cunning nature Russians", about the Russians described as "those who do not know why the matter of civilization," the savage race; another The same article translated from Japanese paper, "a doctor on the brain" to bring even more exciting news:
"Mortal bones hypertrophy, the brain must be small. ... ... Extremely high and the brain very spiritual person who is very rare. Bismarck one also."
Obviously, this "strong" hit back at the West on China's weak human brain capacity is too small to create free form of government rumors.
For Liang, this illusory self-confidence is not valid. More than once he sadly admitted: Only Europeans are eligible to be called "the history of race," "Teutonic unique in the history of the real masters are also present." Therefore, with such a question and answer:
"History are what?"
"The classification of race it developed to compete with."
In between this question and answer, history has quietly into the wrong road. |
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