June 1864, Tianjing fall of the Taiping movement came to an end, an "anti-traditional" ideology failed.
The reason, later summed up a lot. But the most crucial rarely been mentioned - leading to the rapid fall of the kingdom of heaven by the vertex "Tianjing Incident" behind the power struggle in dressed in a coat naked ideological struggle between two lines. Secular leaders, religious leaders, Yang Hong and the bloody infighting between, with the connotation of a very complex and very profound lesson.
Hong This is just a purely "spiritual leader"
Hong died in June 1864 in sleepy city of Nanjing. A month later, Tseng Kuo-fan tapped him from the ground, have seen is: "bald head and no hair, all to be kept still has among white men, and left femoral hip meat is still better off."
After more than a century, the "Son of Heaven," the image in the history books have been strange to swing at the demon, great man, between God stick. His "heaven", has also been swinging in the "great peasant uprising" and "extreme cult group" between.
This "heaven and earth" type of label violence is the result of China's modern history since the long-term results of treatment do violent - Sun Yat-sen since the number "Hong second" when the "Kingdom of Heaven" did not touch the historical data; Su Mansfield Kanbu "Night Xiao Yi Wang Taiping map", it is equally ignorant of the Ground. Used by the history of the towering, pine pouring the result of current events, history of Benxiang increasingly blurred, more profiling, labeling.
Heaven in Hong death. But back, the flood is not the creator of heaven. "Li Xiucheng readme" he said: "Nanwang Feng at home to study, understand its people dry, the first six persons, to seek legislation creating the country who seek out Nanwang of the former work by key Nanwang also." In other words, "Founding Fathers" , Feng also.
1844, Feng penniless into Zijingshan, three years later, local Christians has reached more than 2,000 people. During the day by Feng mantra of "leader" Hong, dragon head, but not always last. Until the uprising on the eve of Gold Fields, Hung has been teaching the public has not appeared before. Li Xiucheng said, "to seek legislation creating the country who seek out Nanwang of the former work by key Nanwang also" is indeed the kingdom of heaven 'leaders. For a long time, but a flood of religious idols.
Up after the war became the Taiping routine. Increase in military leadership, religious leadership decline was Biranzhishi. From Guangdong and Hong Feng had to sort the leadership strength to send home to Guangxi Yang and Xiao Chaogui have to compromise. The result: continued to hold the number one leader Hong, Feng relegated four hands by the second in command, Yang, Xiao Chaogui rose for the second and third hand. But real power never actually number one Hong, Yang dominate the military and political power. Apprenticeship after the Northern Expedition, call to arms "Kill discuss Hu Xi", and actually only used the name of Yang and Xiao Chaogui, see Hong's name. In other words, Hung only "virtual king."
Into the city of Nanjing, Hong plunged headlong into the palace of pleasure, do not take the move, not dealing with administrative affairs. Later this quite blame, but flood as a "true gentleman", as "spiritual leader", no government can handle, is a fact. The power structure of this strange kingdom of heaven, to the imperial intelligence caused great confusion, they report that: "In fact, there is no such individuals Hong, festivals sitting on the hall, just a puppet." ("Thieves Love Meeting compile ") - This is used to thinking of the situation dictates: Chinese history is littered with religious uprising, but the spiritual leader of the number of non-living, like the Yuan Dynasty wise teaching, the spiritual leader of the Maitreya Buddha. Hong spiritual leader of the kingdom of heaven is a puppet for the incense between, but also reasonable.
However, Hong and reconciled only "spiritual leader"; Yang Hung who can not really have to "spiritual leader" of the real appeal. Conflict, so inevitable.
Yang and Hong-line struggle between ideologies
And Hong different interpretation of study on the teachings of Feng are not interested in using religion as a means of rebellion is far in Guangdong, Hong mediocrity by its ability to borrow as a leader, there is a clear practical purpose: one, you can add mystique to attract teach public; two, can the forces of intimidation by the local church, Guangdong official.
After the uprising Kaneda, Feng Yang acknowledged the Father came down out of tricks - Young in the spring of 1848, as "possessed by God" means to speak, from the Father made the position of spokesperson, usually ranking Hong, but "day father possessed "when you go beyond Hong, said it has the supreme authority. Yang also trick is practical, and religion.
Practical School, Strength of religious leaders Feng died prematurely changed Taiping military power between the religious right and the proportion of -
Hong idol religious leaders after losing the support of Feng, Yang and Xiao Chaogui military leaders face again and again, "Father came down" trick, naked, developed to the extreme, Yang even dare to take. " Father came down "to fight Hong's ass in public.
Yang Xiao, who is no true religion, when they occupied Feng campaign, which has not the slightest mention of religion. Therefore, within the Taiping, the religious leaders and military leaders, Yang Hong and others dispute between the lines, it became a matter of course.
The battle lines become clear, the earliest dating back to 1853, the Taiping captured Wuchang. After entering Wuchang, Yang went to pay homage to the local Confucian temple. This obviously makes shouted "Down with demon hole," the religious leader Hong considerable embarrassment. Thus, it opens the line of Confucianism led by Yang Hong, led by the Church of God with the line of battle.
This ideological struggles over the direction, in fact, an extension of the secular power struggle. Lack of a military and political affairs of Hong decision-making power, since the uprising, they will only transfer the energy injection in the field of religion. As a spiritual leader, is the manipulation of ideology, Hong Yang weapon of last resort to deal with. Therefore, the book under his leadership the deletion Ya, when the mainstream culture of Confucianism raise such a fuss, even to other religions also crack down on civil religion. "We dare to cross, said Confucius, Mencius, the demon, the history of the article do sunburn."
Capital Nanjing, Hong intensified under the leadership of ideological control. After its approval, the kingdom of heaven in 1853 published a book of essays during the year, "the edict covered Xi enactment theory", in which a senior official from the yellow paper and then write Xing said: "Where all the philosophers Confucius and Mencius heresy to do their best line of the book demon In addition to burning, are also not allowed to read the hidden trading, or delinquency are! "clearly announced that ban, the burning of Confucian classics in addition to books and philosophers. The move was immediately take advantage of Tseng Kuo-fan, in 1854 published the first month "to discuss Guangdong bandits Xi", the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was accused of "stealing the barbarians of the thread, worship God, to teach," that "persons can not be read by Confucius" , "is to open up the odd change since Norm and I Confucius, Mencius, the crying in nine of the original."
Hong these excesses, the people in heaven to cause the underlying ideological confusion, exclusive of its harsh, but to the government of Prime Minister Yang, tremendous work resistance. Yang's approach is to take a rebound, "Father possessed" rap Hong. May 1853, Hong ban burning of ancient books of Confucianism has just opened the curtain, Yang would use the "Father possessed" to convey the instructions said:
"Heaven-endowed nature, reckless of that road, and his parents to exhaust their strength, Shijun can devote his body, this is still non-demon, then smth-fits-all waste." ("Thieves Love Meeting ÄĄ" Volume 10 B)
"Heaven-endowed nature, reckless that the Road" from "moderate", "things parents can exhaust its force, Shijun can devote his body" from "The Analects of Confucius." Yang is not a fallacy that these words, not the abolition of all, in fact, beat Hong, expressed dissatisfaction with the work of its ideology.
But Hong ignore the "Father" of the will, bent, and the burning of ancient books to ban the movement of Confucianism intensified. 1854 27 month evening, Yang "Father possessed" wishes to convey the tone hardened, clear instructions: "eternal hero not eliminated, the spread has only been in the trunk book"; "the book can not be destroyed through the ages ";" sincere loyalty of the civil and military officials now describe as always to leave. " Yang apparently very angry, a few hours later, the "Father" down to earth again, indicating that:
"Demoted before all the old books written for the demon, but the Four Books Thirteen, including elucidation of those grounds on many days the situation, declared that the rule of filial loyalty Qijia road too are many. It Er-Dong Wang played aim, please leave the rest his book. where those who stay together in the right way of Chunghsiao, who almost grotesque to the Profusion. to the history if the history lesson praise good banished evil, illustrates the potential hair quiet, loyal and dutiful son of Kai-chi, punish Luanchenzeizi heart, advise Correctional clear, great morals on people. Furthermore, since after I create heaven and earth, laid down by the good people Junjie, able to top up Tsunatsune, impure are demons, so set a compendium of names, not with the vegetation rot, how can the book destroyed , so that annihilation had not been apparent? today and poor King came down the main Seoul Peace and Prosperity, a large whole Tsunatsune, punish evil to stay positive, it is the heroes fight in Autumn. He really loyal heaven who is also an attempt to immortalizing, leaving for future generations to follow . Seoul Seoul small group when fine detail is also the Father intended. "(" Father Brother sacred day ", the first 102-103 pages)
Has no voice in any room for negotiation, Yang, by the mouth of the Father, ordered to stop his crazy Hong ideological movement. Young's threat to play met with the expected deterrent effect, then, no further record of Hong large-scale burning of the books, but instead excision classics compromise policy.
Struggle did not end. Specific process is no longer important, the outcome is: 1856, Hong planning "Tianjing Incident", bloodbath Yang and his forces in the East Palace. The kingdom of heaven "spiritual leader", and finally satisfied to achieve his dream of "theocracy." But as Yang's assessment that, as Hong Jiaozhu of mediocrity and short-sighted is fatal
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