1870 annual events: the Tianjin Massacre

The summer of 1870, Tianjin epidemic, adopted by the French Catholic orphanage large number of deaths of infants, up to thirty or forty thousand. About Catholic priests and nuns to send their children to dig eye medication profile fans Shui heart drug rumors, then quickly spread to a large area. Two child traffickers trafficking arrested shortly after, official notices posted in the hint in their behavior may be "entrusted by the people," civil society "fire and water will" be encouraged to begin the initiative to organize the capture of traffickers, and soon captured a man named Wu Lanzhen The fans Shui guilty. Strict examination by the public, Wu Lanzhen drugged used for committing the crime is called in France the Catholic Holy House of Mercy provided. Unverified news spread like wildfire, people with the literati emotionally squire assembly at the Confucius Temple, the college closed denounce whom gathered outside the church as much as the anger of people over people. Competition between the public and the Christians quarrel, and throwing bricks to attack the Catholic Church. Sisters of Mercy Church people will be invited to send representatives to this entry truth, but was deterred by the French Consul General Feng cause. Abundance in a very arrogant attitude rampant intervention, and makes the event a sharp escalation - Feng, "like a wounded animal," who quickly broke into three trade with Tianjin government bureaucratic and bureaucratic, requiring local leaders Chonghou, Chang algae troop movements repression. Rejected, the cause of the Lion pontoon abundance encountered magistrate Liu Jinghai, debate, Feng Liu shot to shot, shot blocked before the Liu family, Liu seven. Feng's shot killing ignited explosive anger. Surging crowd Feng cause people killed and his entourage, but also into the French church, tear to pieces the French flag, killing the French priests, nuns, foreign companies, foreign staff and their wives and children, etc. total 20 people (including several Russians ), as well as dozens of Chinese employees, and burned the French Wanghailou church, orphanage, the number of Consular Department and the Anglo-American churches, led Tianjin Massacre that shocked the world.

Public opinion are available: to take this opportunity to "do kill Emirates Yi in Beijing" Lesson plans after the occurrence, "the people agitated," the town of Tianjin, for a time became the focus of nationwide attention from the public. The first time the Qing court sent to Tianjin Zhili Governor Zeng, lesson plans how to end, are seen abroad. Cabinet in time, most of the book Liru Song voiced the aspirations of the people: the cause of lesson plans is "Jiaofei fans Shui Young children, because of abundant cause to the officer, following a long shot ... ... Sri Lanka, the government and the people know I do not know fear Yi Wei, loyal to the country to know since I do not know shirt brutal crime. " Li Rusong further recommended that the court: "Tianjin people are killed for the protection of officials and foreigners," not only not punished, it should make good use of people, "to take this opportunity to make barbarians destroyed Museum in Beijing, Jing Yi in the Emirates do kill." Relative to Li Rusong radical, Prince Yi Xuan's attitude to ease some of the: "is to leave people's anger, missionary of the proposed withdrawal to the heart of the people of solid world"; "vertical can not take this opportunity to do the burning Hall in Beijing Yi . do kill barbarians Emirates in Beijing, also bound to the upheaval in France, the first and absolute and, a little show thin punishment. " Liru Song, Yi Xuan is a long history textbooks as a "diehard" label. So, we might listen to non-"diehards" of late Qing minister of state General Tso's views - in Tianjin, lesson plans to seek the court's letter in matters of opinion, Tso bluntly: without fear of worsening of the situation, the government through the threat of foreigners generally officials to suppress the people, such as people up to make trouble, they will seriously consider, not to hurry Seoul war. Left, said: "the West countries and China agencies blood in sacrifice, classes are held hostage by Dali beam to seal the Republic of China, to whisk public opinion, public wrath, then there are not." Left in particular, highlighted: Feng incident was the first cause of fire to Chinese officials, blame the French, the people make trouble is not accidental. If only obtain compensation point can be allowed. But opposition to the lives of innocent people satisfaction. He said: "The French leader, most of the culprits, the law-abiding person does not act at the real rare." "Incident of the Jin County, the Abduction from the shock to fans, the people rallied with difficulty. Although not by the fans so far, and the young child one hundred Xu virginity body of a woman come from? though not bearing the king three strokes, Wulan Zhen is for all students in, not that no other person who, without being to have. the people of the coax, the things out of haste, non-case inspired dictates. Feng Consul and the guns to be Chongtai Chen, Tianjin orders from men who have been injured; prefer to give the time put down, also from the repression of black? my humble opinion so called four laws, such as taking aim at the claim, can not be fixed without accommodation; if search people's life satisfaction, it would be inappropriate to allow light. a powerful folk Jin County, Cao's too Organisation, will be unfortunate incidents. In case if the minister said, excited into turmoil, China's Xiao Qiang fear, countries not at the pool alone without taking into account fish ? " Finally, Zuo draw their own conclusions: "Tianjin China boisterous sky, not accidental, meaning the form of anger, than non-mob", the people available, "is advised to keep their razor, I Gemao repair, not implicit to stern guilty of shape, and Xu to the force. "positions must not be sudden haste to go to the people of China took Diming foreigners, so as not to lose the people.

Public opinion can be bullied: court defense shield Tseng Kuo-fan's word for the people 59-year-old Zeng, right eye, liver disease on weight, long tortured by the vertigo symptoms. April 19 letter from home to his son Tseng Chi-tse, and write: "more than 16 patients suffering from dizziness ... ... XVII 18 symptoms as normal, log beds and Shuiqi rotation is vertigo, sleep and be seated in the less when the dizziness is still like a good man. "" If the rotating bed, feet, if overturned, the first fall of water if, in the case were four, not-ups ", is a common diary content. "Tianjin Massacre" occurred, when he was Governor of Zhili Zeng is truly feeling their deadline is approaching. He let his students, two rivers for their own transport to do the Governor Li's coffin with flowers Jianchang board of wood, to prepare for the funeral. It took the board, but the court decree the same day and arrived in Baoding Prefecture - the court knows Zeng gravely ill, Royal Instructions in earnest inquiry, "the body how to last?" But meaningfully asked, "this event you can handle it?" has certainly understand the true meaning of the court Moreover, lesson plans in their own territory Zhili, stay out of no possible. In the testament to the eldest son of Tseng Chi-tse, the Zeng expressed his extreme pessimism on this line: "I now travel to Tianjin, investigating foreigners beaten to death, burned down the church's case. Outsiders aggressive temperament, Tianjin China habits floating clamor, both difficult to re-settlement, the future structure Xing-bing resentment, fear-induced excited about a big change. I trip over and over again Chousi , special no good policy. Xianfeng three years since I raised Yong has since vowed to fight in the battlefield, now elderly Bingqu, dangers, would not break too mean to die to its ego early heart, fear, and encounter difficulties, and Haier all do nothing upholds, it is show or two, to prepare for unexpected. " July 8, tenth day lunar month, Zeng arrived in Tianjin. Ten days later, on July 21, he's a "lesson plans about the situation to identify Tianjin off", so that national public opinion instant uproar, has himself quickly from the vocal opposition of moral saints become the object of the whole country scholar. "Sense of shame curse of the voice rang out, a traitor of the emblem actually added to Kuo-fan. The capital of Hunan in particular, cited as a fellow countryman of great shame," Tseng Kuo-fan hanging in the Hall "Guanjue plaque," "learned to be destroyed", and name origin trimmed away and no longer recognize who he is from Hunan Province. The "ZTE star", "Kuang-generation hero," Soon to become a "slander have been ridiculed, the whole nation Yusha" traitor, traitor, "Jinian clean look to make a few carry on sweeping." Not be such a thing could have been serious. The key point is: the court in a survey released Zeng memorial, the deliberate deletion of its defense of the people of Tianjin gentry five reasons. Zeng said: blame the church "eye-gouging profile Heart" is purely absurd, but so indignant people of Tianjin, is not accidental, justifiable. First, the Holy House of Mercy "throughout the year closed, too secret, monensin and glimpse into the hysterical", as well as the cellar and other facilities, its people will inevitably suspicious; Second, many Chinese people to the Holy House of Mercy in treatment, often do not want to stay inside out, people can not help but suspect that drugs were "fans mourning hearts and opening up"; Third, Holy House of Mercy used to shelter their sick child baptism, religious people can not understand this behavior, "but see its not reflected into a" naturally maiming of children suspected of the church; four broad courtyard Holy House of Mercy, "has a son in the front yard and the mother in the backyard, the mother and child in the Holy House of Mercy church in River House, often after years of mixed meet," who, this practice so that people can not understanding; five, between April and May 1870, the city lost more than medication occurred Shui Po sole property of the gang, plus the time the epidemic, the church is hosting the addition of seriously ill children were unattended, many naturally dead, church at odds with the public, to avoid trouble, mostly at night to bury the bodies, or a total of two dead coffin were three dead. Dogs after the body was dragged out, the people then a moment uproar. Zeng did not mention the most important of the other background is: The reason why people are so "ignorant", it is the intellectuals over the years, "pseudo-knowledge" the result of enlightenment - enlightenment of modern China's most important One works, Wei Yuan's "World map", ie contains beautiful foreign religion religious drug, the contents of digging the Chinese pharmaceutical eyes. - If the people accused of "ignorance", you must ask: Who made the people "ignorant"? Zeng court deliberately deleted this text to justify the people, the intention is naturally meaningful. Many works attributed to this court hoping to hit a flourishing reputation Tseng Kuo-fan, the idea can be described as blinders opinion. In fact, in Tianjin before sending to Tseng Kuo-fan, the court has determined the tone of processing events: not with the foreigners to open blood in sacrifice, can not repeat the tragedy of Emperor Xianfeng fled to Chengde. Zeng court cut the memorial, the real purpose is to manipulate public opinion - before the incident in Tianjin government posted notices have strong traces of manipulation of public opinion. Notices, said: "Zhang tied, Guo Shui Po fans medication children. Dracula, the guilty people, entrusted by the people, spread the Quartet, the young child to take fans Shui brain heart cut out the eye profile, for dispensing purposes." As a Government Notice, so irresponsible as to put "Dracula" written on it, and the use of government force, covered to the streets of Tianjin, had deliberately stimulate the public's heart - Zeng Qing top of the memorial is intended to cut precisely the same nature with this: Only the Zeng completely pushed to the "traitors" with it, make peace policy before the court of public opinion may exist in the rough operation of space - or, to be branded as "traitors" of the the Qing dynasty central level, rather than Tseng Kuo-fan. This is an intriguing plot: July 25, Tseng Kuo-fan of the "identification of the Tianjin Massacre is probably the case off," delivered to Beijing, the court again for a great debate on lesson plans, Empress Dowager Cixi understand statement: "This is how the correction measures, I am so not mind "; the same day, Tseng Kuo-fan to convey to another a decree, the 35-year-old young Empress of specific programs for dealing with nothing and just repeatedly emphasized the good hope:" and the Bureau Gu Yi preservation , people in particular must not be lost. " Also on this day, the young Empress Zeng deleted "discourse flat," the memorial, and then disclosed. Tseng Kuo-fan sent directly to the "traitors" of the cross. - Of course she already "had his mind." Tseng Kuo-fan with a "complete betrayal" bottom, the court next steps would be particularly showing its "fair", both inside and outside government and the public easier access to the "people", "Sum" of recognition.